$a^{2^i}_0 \text{ modulo } p$ can be read as "*A* zero to the power of two to the *i* modulo *$p$*"
– HenryJan 31 '21 at 22:40
1 Answers1
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The number $a_0$ is the input to the function that does the exponentiation. The notation
$$a_0^{2^i}$$
then refers to the number $a_0$ to the power of $2^i$.