I'm trying to understand how to prove that a circle can be defined in projective geometry by five points, where three are "classic points" and two are the circular points. For demostrating that is definable with three points I'm starting by the equation of a generic conic that has 5 DOF, and I reduce it to the equation of a circle showing that has 3 DOF, confirming it putting in matrix form showing that the circle is constrained by three equations. But how can I continue to show for the circular points?
1 Answers
Too long for a comment:
$$\det\begin{pmatrix} x^2 &x\,y&y^2&x&y &1\cr x_1^2&x_1\, y_1&y_1^2&x_1 &y_1&1\cr x_2^2 &x_2\,y_2&y_2^2 &x_2&y_2&1 \cr x_3^2&x_3\,y_3 &y_3^2&x_3&\ y_3&1\cr 1&i&-1 &0&0&0\cr 1&-i &-1&0&0&0\cr \end{pmatrix}=2\,i\,\left(x_1\,y_2\,y_3^2-x\,y_2 \,y_3^2-x_2\,y_1\,y_3^2+x\, y_1\,y_3^2+x_2\,y\,y_3^2-x_1 \,y\,y_3^2-x_1\,y_2^2\,y_3+x\, y_2^2\,y_3+x_2\,y_1^2\,y_3-x \,y_1^2\,y_3-x_2\,y^2\,y_3+ x_1\,y^2\,y_3-x_1\,x_2^2\, y_3+x\,x_2^2\,y_3+x_1^2\,x_2 \,y_3-x^2\,x_2\,y_3-x\,x_1^2\, y_3+x^2\,x_1\,y_3+x_3\,y_1\, y_2^2-x\,y_1\,y_2^2-x_3\,y\, y_2^2+x_1\,y\,y_2^2-x_3\,y_1 ^2\,y_2+x\,y_1^2\,y_2+x_3\,y^2\, y_2-x_1\,y^2\,y_2+x_1\,x_3^2 \,y_2-x\,x_3^2\,y_2-x_1^2\, x_3\,y_2+x^2\,x_3\,y_2+x\, x_1^2\,y_2-x^2\,x_1\,y_2+x_3 \,y\,y_1^2-x_2\,y\,y_1^2-x_3\,y^2\, y_1+x_2\,y^2\,y_1-x_2\,x_3^2 \,y_1+x\,x_3^2\,y_1+x_2^2\, x_3\,y_1-x^2\,x_3\,y_1-x\, x_2^2\,y_1+x^2\,x_2\,y_1+x_2 \,x_3^2\,y-x_1\,x_3^2\,y-x_2^2\, x_3\,y+x_1^2\,x_3\,y+x_1\, x_2^2\,y-x_1^2\,x_2\,y\right)=0$$
$$\det\begin{pmatrix} y^2+x^2 &x&y&1\cr y_1^2+ x_1^2&x_1&y_1 &1\cr y_2^2+x_2^2& x_2&y_2&1\cr y_3^2 +x_3^2&x_3&y_3 &1\cr \end{pmatrix}=-\left(x_1\,y_2\,y_3^2-x\,y_2\, y_3^2-x_2\,y_1\,y_3^2+x\,y_1 \,y_3^2+x_2\,y\,y_3^2-x_1\,y\, y_3^2-x_1\,y_2^2\,y_3+x\,y_2 ^2\,y_3+x_2\,y_1^2\,y_3-x\, y_1^2\,y_3-x_2\,y^2\,y_3+x_1 \,y^2\,y_3-x_1\,x_2^2\,y_3+x\, x_2^2\,y_3+x_1^2\,x_2\,y_3-x ^2\,x_2\,y_3-x\,x_1^2\,y_3+x^2\, x_1\,y_3+x_3\,y_1\,y_2^2-x\, y_1\,y_2^2-x_3\,y\,y_2^2+x_1 \,y\,y_2^2-x_3\,y_1^2\,y_2+x\, y_1^2\,y_2+x_3\,y^2\,y_2-x_1 \,y^2\,y_2+x_1\,x_3^2\,y_2-x\, x_3^2\,y_2-x_1^2\,x_3\,y_2+x ^2\,x_3\,y_2+x\,x_1^2\,y_2-x^2\, x_1\,y_2+x_3\,y\,y_1^2-x_2\, y\,y_1^2-x_3\,y^2\,y_1+x_2\,y^2\, y_1-x_2\,x_3^2\,y_1+x\,x_3^2 \,y_1+x_2^2\,x_3\,y_1-x^2\, x_3\,y_1-x\,x_2^2\,y_1+x^2\, x_2\,y_1+x_2\,x_3^2\,y-x_1\, x_3^2\,y-x_2^2\,x_3\,y+x_1^2\, x_3\,y+x_1\,x_2^2\,y-x_1^2\, x_2\,y\right)=0$$
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Thank you for your answer, why did you impose the determinant of the constrained matrix to 0? – piClash May 27 '21 at 12:31
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Is it to check if the points are collinear? – piClash May 27 '21 at 12:36
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@piClash It's the equation of the circle; in particular if $(x,y)=(x_i,y_i)$ the points are on it (repeated rows). – Jan-Magnus Økland May 27 '21 at 12:36
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@piClash: The equation of a line through two points has a similar representation: $\det{\begin{pmatrix}x&y&1\x_1&y_1&1\x_2&y_2&1\end{pmatrix}}=0.$ – Jan-Magnus Økland May 27 '21 at 12:39