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This is a homework question that I am struggling with.

I can use properties to expand out or simplify this proposition, but how does one prove that it is a tautology without using a truth table or some other form of concrete values? I have proven that it is a tautology using truth tables, but I have no idea how to even start doing this using expressions and identities.

Any insight would be much appreciated.

1 Answers1

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We can rearrange the proposed propositional expression as follows

\begin{align*} p\to(q\to(p\wedge q)) & \Longleftrightarrow \neg p\vee(q\to(p\wedge q))\\\\ & \Longleftrightarrow \neg p\vee(\neg q\vee(p\wedge q))\\\\ & \Longleftrightarrow (\neg p\vee\neg q)\vee(p\wedge q)\\\\ & \Longleftrightarrow \neg(p\wedge q)\vee(p\wedge q) \end{align*}

where the last term is a tautology.

Hopefully this helps !