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I was looking at a previous post (A bounded holomorphic function).

I'm asking this in a separate post, because I didn't want to interrupt the flow of the comments following the answer with what's likely to be a misunderstanding on my part.

There was an argument which seemed to me to involve using a special biholomorphic map taking the slit plane region $\Omega = \mathbb{C} \setminus \{z : z \le 0\}$ to the unit disk $\Delta$ in a way that allowed it to be composed with an even function on the disk, in order to produce a continuous function on all of $\mathbb{C}$.

My question is: Is there a biholomorphic map $f:\Delta \to \Omega$ with $\lim \limits _{z \to a} f(z) = \lim \limits _{z \to a} f(-z)$ for all $|a| = 1$? Is there a biholomorphic map $F:\Omega \to \Delta$ with $\lim \limits _{t \to 0} F(x + it) = - \lim \limits _{t \to 0} F(x - it)$ when $x \le 0$?

Thanks in advance for any thoughts!

bryanj
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1 Answers1

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Neither such $f$ nor such $F$ exists.

Firstly, note that there exists a biholomorphic map $$f_0:\Delta\to\Omega,\quad z\mapsto\left(\frac{1+z}{1-z}\right)^2. $$

Secondly, let us show that such $f$ does not exist. Given a biholomorphic map $f:\Delta\to\Omega$, $f_0^{-1}\circ f$ is an automorphism of the unit disk, i.e. $f=f_0\circ\varphi_{w,\theta}$ for some $w\in\Delta$ and $\theta\in\Bbb R$, where

$$\varphi_{w,\theta}(z)=e^{i\theta}\frac{z-w}{1-\bar{w}z}.$$

Note that both $f_0$ and $\varphi_{w,\theta}$ are holomorphic maps from $\widehat{\Bbb C}:=\Bbb C\cup\{\infty\}$ to itself, so $f$ is also a holomorphic map from $\widehat{\Bbb C}$ to itself. Then the assumption $\lim \limits_{z \to a} f(z) = \lim \limits_{z \to a} f(-z)$ when $|a| = 1$ is simply $f(a)=f(-a)$ when $|a| = 1$. Moreover, for $a\in\widehat{\Bbb C}$, $$f(a)=\infty\iff a=\varphi_{w,\theta}^{-1}(1)\Rightarrow |a|=1.$$ For this $a$, $|a|=1$ and $f(a)=\infty$, but $-a\ne a$, so $f(-a)\ne\infty$, i.e. such $f$ does not exist.

Finally, let us show that such $F$ does not exist. Given a biholomorphic map $F:\Omega\to\Delta$, $f:=F^{-1}:\Delta\to\Omega$ is also biholomorphic. From the discussion on $f$ in the last paragraph we know that $f$ can be written as $f=f_0\circ\varphi_{w,\theta}$. Denote $g=\frac{1+\varphi_{w,\theta}}{1-\varphi_{w,\theta}}$. Then $f=g^2$ and hence $g^{-1}(z)=F(z^2)$, so when $x\le 0$, $$\lim_{t\to 0^+}F(x\pm it)= g^{-1}(\pm i|x|^{\frac{1}{2}}).$$ As a result, if $F$ satisfies $\lim\limits_{t\to 0^+} F(x+it) = - \lim\limits_{t \to 0^+} F(x-it)$ when $x \le 0$, then $g$ satisfies $g^{-1}(-iy)=-g^{-1}(iy)$ when $y\in\Bbb R$. Letting $y\to\infty$ and noting that $g$ is a linear fractional transformation, we have $$g^{-1}(\infty)=-g^{-1}(\infty)\Rightarrow g^{-1}(\infty)=0.$$ However, $$g^{-1}(\infty)=\varphi_{w,\theta}^{-1}(1)\Rightarrow |g^{-1}(\infty)|=1,$$ a contradiction. Therefore, such $F$ does not exist.

23rd
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