I'm going to assume that $x>0$, so
\begin{align}
x^a \int_{0}^{\infty} \frac{t^a}{\sinh(xt)} \frac{1}{1+t^2} dt&=x^a \lim_{b\to+\infty}\int_{0}^{b} \frac{t^a}{\sinh(xt)} \frac{1}{1+t^2} dt\qquad(\text{doing $u=xt$})\\
&=x^a \lim_{b\to+\infty}\int_{0}^{bx} \frac{\frac{u^a}{x^a}}{\sinh(u)} \frac{1}{1+ (\frac{u}{x})^2} \frac{1}{x} du\\
&=\lim_{b\to+\infty}\int_{0}^{bx} \frac{u^a}{\sinh(u)} \frac{x}{x^2+ u^2}du\\
&=\lim_{b\to+\infty}\int_{0}^{bx} \frac{t^a}{\sinh(t)} \frac{x}{x^2+ t^2}dt\\
&=\int_{0}^{+\infty} \frac{t^a}{\sinh(t)} \frac{x}{x^2+ t^2}dt
\end{align}
In case $x<0$, then we arrive at the following:
\begin{align}
x^a \int_{0}^{\infty} \frac{t^a}{\sinh(xt)} \frac{1}{1+t^2} dt&=\lim_{b\to+\infty}\int_{0}^{bx} \frac{u^a}{\sinh(u)} \frac{x}{x^2+ u^2}du\\
&=\int_{0}^{-\infty} \frac{u^a}{\sinh(u)} \frac{x}{x^2+ u^2}du\qquad(\text{doing $t=-u$})\\
&=\int_{0}^{+\infty} \frac{(-1)^a t^a}{-\sinh(t)} \frac{x}{x^2+ t^2}(-dt)\\
&=(-1)^a\int_{0}^{+\infty} \frac{t^a}{\sinh(t)} \frac{x}{x^2+ t^2}dt
\end{align}