For example, isomorphic mapping from one $GF(256)$ to a different $GF(256)$, where
$map(a)+map(b) = map(a+b)$ and $map(a) \ map(b) = map(a \ b)$
I've always assumed that such mapping can always be implemented doing a multiply using an 8 row by 8 bit matrix times an 8 row by 1 bit element of the first field to map into an 8 row by 1 bit element of the second field (a linear mapping). If this is always true, and a primitive element $\alpha(x)$ of the first field and a primitive element $\beta(x)$ of the second field are chosen such that the isomorphic mapping works, then
$map(\alpha^i) = \beta^i$ for all i.
This also works when mapping to composite fields, such as mapping from $GF(2^8)$ to $GF(((2^2)^2)^2)$
Is there a way to map between fields where a matrix multiply or its equivalent is not used?