What does the phrase "combinatorial characterization" mean? Does it mean "discrete", regardless of topological concepts? I don't know, I would appreciate your kind answer. For example, a subshift is a subset $X\subset A^G$ closed and invariant, but the subshifts have a combinatorial characterization: equivalently we found a finite set of patterns $\mathcal{F}$ such that $$X=\{x\in A^G: P\sqsubset x \Rightarrow P\notin \mathcal{F}\}.$$
What other uses do you know for this phrase?