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I didn't think so, but I'm looking at a course problem,

A string of length $L$ and line density $\rho$ is under a tension $\rho c^2$. Its transverse displacement is $y(x,t)$. The string is fastened to rings at $x=0$ and $x=L$. The masses of the rings can be neglected, and they slide on two smooth fixed wires at $x=0$ and $x=L$, one ring being on each wire; the wires are parallel to $0y$. By considering the equations of motion of the rings, show that $$\frac{\partial y}{\partial x}=0$$ at $x=0$ and $x=L$ for all $t$. By seeking separable solutions, find the normal modes of vibration.

The given solution begins,

Consider either ring. Since each has zero mass, \begin{align} & \text{Newton’s Second Law} \\ \implies & x\ddot{y} = \text{vertical component of force} = \pm F\sin{\psi} \\ \implies & \sin{\psi}=0 \text{ at } x=0,L \end{align} but \begin{align} &\psi\ll1 \\ \implies&\sin(\psi)\approx\tan(\psi)=\frac{\partial y}{\partial x} \\ \implies & \frac{\partial y}{\partial x}=0 \text{ at } x=0,L. \end{align}

Doesn't this reasoning imply that any object with negligible mass is immovable? Couldn't one equally validly reason that $$\ddot{y}=\frac{F\sin{\psi}}{0}=\infty$$?

I also don't really understand why the $x$ in $x\ddot{y}$ seems to be mass.

ETA: My interest is in finding the problem in the argument rather than answering the title question experimentally.

mjc
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    Photons are massless, and they move *really* fast. – Lee Mosher Jan 13 '23 at 16:20
  • @LeeMosher OK; can you spot a problem in the reasoning? I'm assuming that rejecting the premise of the question on experimental grounds won't get me marks in an exam. – mjc Jan 13 '23 at 16:25
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    @mjc This is simply a result of Newtonian Mechanics being an incomplete theory, since by Newton's Law if $m = 0$ then $F = 0$ so there's no kinematics. You need relativistic physics to make sense of massless particles having energy – Brevan Ellefsen Jan 13 '23 at 17:02
  • @BrevanEllefsen I think that's probably the answer I'm looking for. The comment is enough for me, but if you care to write it as an answer I'll be happy to accept it. – mjc Jan 13 '23 at 17:08
  • For a particle of mass $m$ acting under a force $F$ you have the balance $m\dot v = F$. Reducing $m$ means $\dot v$ will be larger, so yes it's moving. At some point though, relativistic considerations kick in. – A rural reader Jan 13 '23 at 17:17
  • @Aruralreader I think that's the $\ddot{y}=\frac{F\sin{\psi}}{0}=\infty$ argument I make towards the end of the OP, but the reasoning in the given solution is the opposite. – mjc Jan 13 '23 at 17:23

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