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Inside one circle there is another, which is smaller, which touches the first one at one point. The radius of the first circle is twice the radius of the second. Distance between centers of the circles is 4. Find the radius of the smaller circle.

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Sometimes a figure makes everything obvious:

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  • In the book where this problem is written, the picture appears to be drawn incorrectly. There the center of the larger one is inside the smaller circle, and not on its circumference. I didn’t even think about the fact that if the radius is twice as large, then the center of the larger circle must lie on the circumference of the smaller one... – Тимофей Главицкий Sep 12 '23 at 19:58
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Big circle radius = $R$
Small circle radius =$r$
$R = 2r$
Distance between centers $c = 4$
$4 + r = R$ (c + radius of small circle)
$4 + r = 2r$
$ r = 4$
$R = 8$