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Let $H=\textrm{Hilb}^r_P$ be the Hilbert scheme of closed subschemes of $\mathbb P^r$ with fixed Hilbert polynomial $P$. Let $X\subset \mathbb P^r$ be any subscheme. I am trying to characterize $\textrm{Hilb}^X_P$ as a subscheme of $H$. So I take any scheme $T$ and any $T$-family $\eta\in \underline{\textrm{Hilb}}^r_P(T)$, namely a flat morphism $$\eta\,\,\,\,\,:\,\,\,\,\,\mathbb P^r_T\supset \mathfrak X\to T.$$ This defines a $T$-valued point $q:=q_\eta:T\to H$. So I am trying to replace the question mark here below: $$\eta\in \underline{\textrm{Hilb}}^X_P(T)\,\,\,\,\,\iff\,\,\,\,\,?$$

A first thought is that for our family to be a $T$-family with respect to the functor $\underline{\textrm{Hilb}}^X_P$, it is necessary (and enough) that $\mathfrak X\subset X\times_kT$ (closed subscheme). But I found another answer, which I do not understand. It goes as follows (maybe someone can explain it to me). Letting $U\to H$ be the universal family, one has for $m>>0$ these morphisms on $H$: $$H^0(I_X(m))\otimes_kO_H\to H^0(O_{\mathbb P^r}(m))\otimes_kO_H=H^0(O_{\mathbb P^r_H}(m))\to H^0(O_U(m)).$$ If one denotes the composed morphism by $\alpha$, then $$?\,\,\,\,\,\textrm{should be replaced by} \,\,\,\,\, \textrm"q^\ast\alpha=0\textrm".$$

Can anyone explain to me the reason why $\mathfrak X\subset X\times_kT$ is equivalent to $q^\ast\alpha=0$?

Thank you in advance.

Brenin
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  • The condition "?" is $\mathfrak X$ is a subscheme of $X\times_k T$. – Cantlog Oct 18 '13 at 20:11
  • I agree! but I need to translate it terms of $q:T\to H$, and I do not see the connection with $\alpha$. – Brenin Oct 18 '13 at 20:14
  • Then you should edit the question to make clear that you want to know why the condition in the previous comment is equivalent to the vanishing of $q^*\alpha$. – Cantlog Oct 18 '13 at 20:21
  • @Cantlog: Yes, done. – Brenin Oct 18 '13 at 20:54
  • Dear @Brenin, taking $q^*\alpha$ is looking at the restriction of $I_X\times O_T$ to ${\mathfrak X}$. Then use the fact that for any coherent sheaf $F$ on a projective scheme, $F(m)$ is generated by its global sections when $m$ is big enough. You should be able to fill in the details. – Cantlog Oct 19 '13 at 14:21

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