How to express an irrational number as generalized continued fraction?

Question

With simple continued fraction, i.e. $$a_0 + \cfrac{1}{a_1 + \cfrac{1}{a_2 + \cfrac{1}{a_3 \ldots}}}$$ I can use this formula: $$a_k = \lfloor \alpha_k \rfloor$$ $$\alpha_{k+1} = \dfrac{1}{\alpha_k - a_k}$$

I wonder is there a formula to express the "generalized continued fraction" of the form: $$a_0 + \cfrac{b_0}{a_1 + \cfrac{b_1}{a_2 + \cfrac{b_2}{a_3 \ldots}}}$$ ?

Thank you,

Nothing that works in general. For the most part, one derives continued fraction representations for functions, and then replacing parameters with appropriate quantities yields the continued fraction for the value of the function... — J. M. ain't a mathematician, Aug 07 '11 at 18:18
@Chan: In your generalized continued fraction are $a_{k}$ and $b_{k}$ positive integers? Are you asking for a formula for the $b_{k}$ similar to the formula the $a_{k}$? There isn't one: A real number can have many different generalized continued fraction representations. — Peter Bala, Aug 08 '11 at 08:17
@Peter Bala: I guess there isn't a unique one. Thanks for the answer. — roxrook, Aug 09 '11 at 07:18

Glenn · Answer 1 · 2013-03-05T18:30:44.640

@Chan, Here is an example for $\pi$:

$$ \pi=\textstyle \cfrac{4}{1+\textstyle \frac{1^2}{2+\textstyle \frac{3^2}{2+\textstyle \frac{5^2}{2+\textstyle \frac{7^2}{2+\textstyle \frac{9^2}{2+\ddots}}}}}} =3+\textstyle \frac{1^2}{6+\textstyle \frac{3^2}{6+\textstyle \frac{5^2}{6+\textstyle \frac{7^2}{6+\textstyle \frac{9^2}{6+\ddots}}}}} =\textstyle \cfrac{4}{1+\textstyle \frac{1^2}{3+\textstyle \frac{2^2}{5+\textstyle \frac{3^2}{7+\textstyle \frac{4^2}{9+\ddots}}}}} $$

Each continued fraction converges to $\pi$, but at greatly different rates.

The first is horrifically slow, requiring roughly $3\times 10^n$ terms for n decimal digits.

The second starts off nicely but later requires nearly 50 terms for five decimal digits, 120 for six.

The third is the best, requiring just four terms for each three decimal digits.

OP was asking for a way to get expansions like the ones you cite, not examples. — vonbrand, Mar 05 '13 at 18:33
@vonbrand I think this is a nice way of showing that such expansions can't possibly be unique in the way the OP was hoping. — Steven Stadnicki, Mar 05 '13 at 18:39

score 2 · Answer 2 · answered Aug 07 '11 at 18:29

2

The simplest way: take all $b_k=1$ and use your previous formula.

answered Aug 07 '11 at 18:29

GEdgar

111,679

Thank you. But then, how would I generate $b_k$ again if initially I take them all to 1? – roxrook Aug 07 '11 at 18:39

score 2 · Accepted Answer · answered Aug 07 '11 at 19:19

2

You want $\alpha_k = a_k + \frac{b_k}{\alpha_{k+1}}$ so $\alpha_{k+1} = \frac{b_k}{\alpha_k - a_k}$.

answered Aug 07 '11 at 19:19

Robert Israel

448,999

How to express an irrational number as generalized continued fraction?

3 Answers3