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I encountered the problem here(Hidden Markov Chain)

It is like this:

The task is to compute, given the parameters of the model, the probability of a particular output sequence(observed sequence). This requires summation over all possible state sequences: The probability of observing a sequence(output sequence)

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of length L is given by

enter image description here (*)

where the sum runs over all possible hidden-node sequences

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For more specific information on the related information, refer to here

My problem is:

How the (*) equation can be derived?

It seems to be according to Total Probability Theorem. But this does not make sense to me.

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xiaohan2012
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1 Answers1

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Your notations are awful but this is indeed nothing else than the law of total probabilities: you consider two discrete random variables $X$ and $Y$ defined on the same probability space with values in sets $E$ and $F$ respectively and you are asserting that for every $y$ in $F$, $$ \mathrm P(Y=y)=\sum\limits_{x\in E}\mathrm P(Y=y\mid X=x)\mathrm P(X=x). $$ Compare with this for $A=[Y=y]$.

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