The enclosed volume is that of a cone with its apex at the origin and its symmetry axis on the $ \ z-$ axis, having a height of $ \ \frac{1}{2} \ $ and a base radius of $ \ \frac{1}{2} \ $ , surmounted by a hemisphere of radius $ \ \frac{1}{2} \ $ with its center at $ \ ( \ 0, 0, \frac{1}{2} \ ) \ $ . The graph shows a "vertical" cross-section through this volume.
While the axial symmetry of the volume, and the form of the function $ \ x^2 \ + \ y^2 \ + \ z^2 \ $ make it tempting to use spherical coordinates, the cone and the hemisphere cannot both be easily described in such a system. In standard spherical coordinates, the hemisphere has a somewhat awkward description.
Cylindrical coordinates make describing the integration limits for the volume a bit more manageable, as shown by ketan, but carrying out the integration itself is not entirely convenient. This problem seems designed to thwart a direct approach.
The integration can be made easier by working with the cone and the hemisphere separately. Since the "slant edges" of the cone are described by $ \ z \ = \ \pm r \ $ , we can set up the volume integral as
$$ \ \int_0^{2 \pi} d\theta \ \ \int_0^{1/2} \int_{r}^{1/2} \ (r^2 \ + \ z^2) \ \ dz \ r \ dr \ $$
$$ = \ \ 2 \pi \ \int_0^{1/2} \ \left( \ r^3 z \ + \ \frac{1}{3}rz^3 \ \right) \vert_{z=r}^{z=1/2} \ \ dr $$
$$ = \ \ 2 \pi \ \int_0^{1/2} \ \left( \ \frac{1}{2}r^3 \ + \ \frac{1}{24}r \ - \ r^4 \ - \ \frac{1}{3}r^4 \ \right) \ \ dr $$
$$ = \ \ 2 \pi \ \cdot \ \left( \ \frac{1}{8}r^4 \ + \ \frac{1}{48}r^2 \ - \ \frac{4}{15}r^5 \ \right) \vert_{0}^{1/2} \ \ = \ \ 2 \pi \ \cdot \ \left( \ \frac{1}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{16} \ + \ \frac{1}{48}\cdot \frac{1}{4} \ - \ \frac{4}{15} \cdot \frac{1}{32} \ \right) $$
$$ = \ \ \pi \ \cdot \ \left( \ \frac{15 \ + \ 10 \ - \ 16 }{960} \ \right) \ = \ \frac{3 \pi }{320} \ \ . $$
To carry out the volume integration over the hemisphere, we will introduce the "shifted" coordinate $ \ \zeta \ = \ z \ - \ \frac{1}{2} \ $ , for which $ \ d\zeta \ = \ dz \ $ . The applicable equation for the hemisphere is now $ \ x^2 \ + \ y^2 \ + \ \zeta^2 \ = \ \frac{1}{4} \ $ , making the volume integral
$$ \ \int_0^{2 \pi} d\theta \ \ \int_0^{1/2} \int_{0}^{\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} - r^2}} \ ( \ r^2 \ + \ [\zeta + \frac{1}{2}]^2 \ ) \ \ d\zeta \ \ r \ dr \ $$
$$ = \ \ 2 \pi \ \int_0^{1/2} \int_{0}^{\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} - r^2}} \ ( \ r^3 \ + \ r\zeta^2 \ + \ r\zeta \ + \ \frac{1}{4}r \ ) \ \ d\zeta \ \ \ dr \ $$
$$ = \ \ 2 \pi \ \int_0^{1/2} \ \left( \ r^3 \zeta \ + \ \frac{1}{3} r\zeta^3 \ + \ \frac{1}{2} r\zeta^2 \ + \ \frac{1}{4}r \zeta \ \ \right) \vert_{\zeta=0}^{\zeta=\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} - r^2}} \ \ \ dr \ $$
$$ = \ \ 2 \pi \ \cdot \ \int_0^{1/2} \ \left[ \ r^3 \ (\frac{1}{4} - r^2)^{1/2} \ + \ \frac{1}{3} r \ (\frac{1}{4} - r^2)^{3/2} \ + \ \frac{1}{2} r \ (\frac{1}{4} - r^2) \ + \ \frac{1}{4}r \ (\frac{1}{4} - r^2)^{1/2} \ \ \right] \ \ \ dr $$
[at this point, we'll make the substitution $ \ u \ = \ \frac{1}{4} - r^2 \ , \ du \ = \ -2r \ dr \ \Rightarrow \ r^2 \ = \ \frac{1}{4} - u \ $ ]
$$ \rightarrow \ \ 2 \pi \ \cdot \ \frac{1}{2} \ \int_0^{1/4} \ \left[ \ (\frac{1}{4} - u) \ u^{1/2} \ + \ \frac{1}{3} u^{3/2} \ + \ \frac{1}{4}u^{1/2} \ \ \right] \ \ \ du $$ $$ + \ \ 2 \pi \ \cdot \ \int_0^{1/2} \ \frac{1}{2} r \ (\frac{1}{4} - r^2) \ \ dr $$
$$ = \ \ \pi \ \left( \ \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{3} \ u^{3/2} \ - \ \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{2}{5} u^{5/2} \ \right) \vert_0^{1/4} \ \ + \ \ \pi \ \left( \ \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} r ^2 \ - \ \frac{1}{4}r^4 \ \right) \vert_0^{1/2} $$
$$ = \ \ \pi \ \left( \ \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{8} \ - \ \frac{4}{15} \cdot \frac{1}{32} \ + \ \frac{1}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{4} \ - \ \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{16} \ \right) $$
$$ = \ \pi \ \left( \ \frac{40 \ - \ 8 \ + \ 30 \ - \ 15 }{960} \ \right) \ = \ \frac{47 \pi }{960} \ \ . $$
Thus, we find the volume integral over the cone and hemisphere to be
$$ \iiint_D \ x^2\ + \ y^2 \ + \ z^2 \ \ dV \ = \ \left( \frac{47 \ + \ 3 \cdot 3}{960} \right) \pi \ = \ \frac{7 \pi}{120} \ \ . $$
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The total volume of the region is
$$ \frac{\pi}{3} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \ + \ \frac{2\pi}{3} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3 \ = \ \frac{\pi}{24} \ + \ \frac{\pi}{12} \ = \ \frac{\pi}{8} \ = \ \frac{15 \pi}{120} \ \ . $$
Since half of the volume is within roughly $ \ \frac{1}{5} \ $ unit of the $ \ z-$ axis and $ \ \frac{3}{5} \ $ unit of the $ \ x-$ axis, the value of the integrand is typically $ \ r^2 \ + \ z^2 \ \sim \ \frac{2}{5} \ $ , so a reasonable estimate for our volume integral is $ \ \frac{2}{5} \cdot \ \frac{\pi}{8} \ \sim \ \frac{\pi}{20} \ $ .
