let $$f(x)=\sum_{i=0}^{k}(2x)^i(x+1)^{k+n-i}$$
show that $$x^{k+1}|[(x-1)f(x)+(x+1)^{k+n+1}]$$
my idea:since $$f(x)=-\dfrac{(x+1)^n(-2^{k+1}x^{k+1}+x(x+1)^k+(x+1)^k)}{x-1}$$ so $$(x-1)f(x)+(x+1)^{k+n+1}=(x+1)^{k+n+1}-(x+1)^{n+k}-x(x+1)^{n+k}-2^{k+1}x^{k+1}(x+1)^n$$