Let $\phi : K^n \to K^n$ be an affinity, such that all lines are parallel to their image under $\phi$. Prove that if $\phi$ has two fixed points, then $\phi$ is the identity mapping.
My attempt:
I denote the two fixed points of $\phi$ by $p$ and $q$. Then I let $x \in K^n$ be arbitrary and aim to prove that $\phi(x) = x$. If $x$ is $p$ or $q$ we are done. If it is not, we can consider the line $[x,p]$ through $x$ and $p$. By our supposition, this line will be parallel to $\phi( [x,p] )= [ \phi(x), \phi(p)] = [ \phi(x), p]$. That is, the two associated linear spaces are the same: $$\operatorname{span}(\, x - p\,) = \operatorname{span}(\, \phi(x) - p\, )\iff x - p = \lambda \,\,(\phi(x) - p),$$ for some scalar $\lambda$. If $\lambda$ were $1$, then I'd be done. But so far I have only used the existence of one fixed point anyway.
I'm not sure how to proceed or if I'm even on the right track so far. A hint would be fantastic.
What if $\phi$ has no fixed point instead? Then $[x, \phi(x)] = [\phi(x), \phi(\phi(x))]$ since the two lines have the point $\phi(x)$ in common and are parallel. We could continue applying $\phi$ and would keep getting the same line, so that $\phi$ is a translation. How would I rigorously prove this?
– rehband Jul 10 '14 at 16:44