There is a good reason why you couldn’t solve it : your inequality is false
as claimed. Let $\varepsilon\in[-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}]$ be a variable tending to zero. Putting $a=1-2\varepsilon,b=1+\varepsilon,c=1+\varepsilon$, we have (using Landau’s $O$-
notation)
$$
\begin{array}{lcl}
\sum\limits_{cyc}\frac{a^2+2bc}{(b+c)^2} &=&
\frac{9}{4}+\frac{27}{8}\varepsilon^2
+\frac{243}{16}\varepsilon^3+\frac{3}{32}\varepsilon^4+O(\varepsilon^5) \\
\sum\limits_{cyc}\frac{a}{b+c} &=&
\frac{3}{2}+\frac{9}{4}\varepsilon^2
-\frac{9}{8}\varepsilon^3+\frac{27}{16}\varepsilon^4+O(\varepsilon^5) \\
\end{array}
$$
Thus, when $\varepsilon$ is positive and very small, we have
$$
\sum_{cyc}\frac{a^2+2bc}{(b+c)^2}-\frac{3}{2}
\sum_{cyc}\frac{a}{b+c}=-\frac{81}{16}\varepsilon^3+\frac{81}{16}\varepsilon^4+O(\varepsilon^5) < 0.
$$
Note that when $\varepsilon$ is negative and very small, the LHS above becomes positive, so that the question in the
OP cannot be fixed by reversing the inequality.