Questions tagged [matrices]

For any topic related to matrices. This includes: systems of linear equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors (diagonalization, triangularization), determinant, trace, characteristic polynomial, adjugate and adjoint, transpose, Jordan normal form, matrix algorithms (e.g. LU, Gauss elimination, SVD, QR), invariant factors, quadratic forms, etc. For questions specifically concerning matrix equations, use the (matrix-equations) tag.

A matrix is a rectangular array of elements, usually numbers or variables, arranged in rows and columns. A matrix with $m$ rows and $n$ columns has $m \times n$ elements and is called an $m$ by $n$ matrix. Matrices are a part of .

Matrices can be added and subtracted. Furthermore, if they have compatible shapes, they can be multiplied. More precisely, given two matrices $A$ and $B$, the matrix $AB$ is defined when the number of columns of $A$ is equal to the number of rows of $B$. In particular, given a natural number $n$, any two matrices $A$ and $B$ with $n$ columns and $n$ rows can be multiplied in both ways (that is, both $AB$ and $BA$ exist).


For questions specifically concerning matrix equations, use the tag.

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Prove $I-YY^\dagger$ is a projection operator for $N(Y)$

Let $Y\in \mathbb{R}^{m*m}$ be a symmetric matrix and how to prove $I-YY^\dagger$ is a projection operator for $N(Y)$? I know $I-Y^\dagger Y$ is a projection operator for $N(Y)$. Thanks in advance!
Cris
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Question about the Smith normal form of a matrix over the field of integers

I understand that I would need to perform elementary row and column operations. So for a matrix $M = \begin{array}{cc} -1 & 1 \\ 0 & 2 \\ \end{array}$ am I correct in saying that it cannot be reduced further than $M = \begin{array}{cc} 1 & 0 \\ 0 &…
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Is there anything special with a 3x3 matrix where the 3rd row is 0 0 1?

I'm coding using p5.js and I'm looking at this method https://p5js.org/reference/#/p5/applyMatrix Using that method, I can multiply my current matrix with any matrix of the form: $$ \begin{pmatrix} a & c & e \\ b & d & f \\ 0 & 0 & 1…
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Semi positive definiteness of square root of specific matrix product

Let $X$, $Y$ be n-by-n real matrix and has the following relation $Y \times Y = X^T \times X$ Is $Y$ always positive semi definite? If yes, how can we show this property? If no, under what assumption of $X$ will make $Y$ always positive semi…
Rein
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Solve linear equation system with Gauss

I have the following matrix and have to see if it has solutions depending on $a$. My solution: $M= \left[ {\begin{array}{cc} a & a^2 &| &1 \\ -1 & -1& | & -a \\ 1 & a & | & a \end{array} } \right] $ My attemp was: Changing first with…
Segonut
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Properties of determinants of matrices

The question in my notes go like this: Let $S$ be some square matrix with a length of $s$. Show that, if we multiply all members of some row of $S$ or some column of $S$ by a value, say $a$, the determinant of the new matrix is $a|S|$. What is the…
bryan.blackbee
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What's the null space of [111, 000, 000]?

This is the matrix after RREF: [ 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ] I can't find the nulll space of this. let $x_1 = -x_2 -x_3$ . let $x_2 = x_2, x_3 = x_3$. So I think it's sp([-1, 1, 0], [-1, 0, 1]) But the solution says it is sp([1, -1, 0], [1, 0,…
Jay Patel
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What happens if a matrix has no inverse?

I am given the following $3 \times 3$ matrix and is told that there is no inverse. $$ \begin{pmatrix} 1&1&-3\\2&1&-3\\1&2&-6 \end{pmatrix} $$ I was asked to apply Gauss-Jordan elimination on this matrix, and so far, I got…
bryan.blackbee
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Matrix Multiplication X'X

In my econometrics textbook, the author states this result. He assumes only that X is an n x K matrix. He states xi is the ith column vector of matrix X. But that implies xi has dimensions n x 1, so xixi' is an n x n matrix, so a sum of n x n…
Max
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Trouble to find the solution to a linear system where a matrix is not invertible

Hello community I am new here and I have a question which might be pretty basic. So I am trying to solve an equation. I have 3 matrices A = \begin{pmatrix}1&0&0&0&0&0&0&0\\0&1&1&0&0&0&0&0\end{pmatrix} B =…
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Determine all 2 by 2 matrices in with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}/19\mathbb{Z}$ of order 5 (up to similarity)

Note that $x^5 - 1 = (x - 1)(x^2 - 4x + 1)(x^2 + 5x + 1)$ in $\mathbb{Z}/19\mathbb{Z}$. Suppose $A$ is a 2 by 2 matrix with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}/19\mathbb{Z}$ satisfying $A^5 - I = 0$. Then the minimal polynomial of $A$ divides $x^5 - 1$. As…
Raekye
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Prove that any complex $3\times 3$ matrix is similar to a given form via a $3\times 3$ unitary matrix.

Show that for any given $3\times 3$ complex matrix $A$, there exist a $3 \times 3$ unitary matrix $U$, such that $$U^{-1}AU= \begin{pmatrix} * & 0 & * \\ * & * & 0 \\ * & 0 & * \\ \end{pmatrix} $$ It is a question in the Chinese Ph.d Entrance…
user622044
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Kernel of product

Let $B \in \mathbb R^{{k}\times {m}}$ and $A \in \mathbb R^{{m}\times {n}}$. Further assume that $\operatorname{ker}(B) \cap \operatorname{ran}(A) = \{0\}.$ Show that this implies $\operatorname{ker}(A) = \operatorname{ker}(BA).$ I have no idea how…
Luke3
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Eigen Values of matrix

I usually have a problem working on below type of matrices, where I am damn sure I'm likely to make a calculation mistake. $\begin{bmatrix} 0&2&-2 \\ -12&-22&12 \\ -12&-22&10 \end{bmatrix}$ It is asked to find the ratio of absolute maximum…
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Matrix equations question?

I have to solve $B(Y+C)+3A=5(A+Y)$ for given matrices of $B$, $C$ and $A$. so what I do is $BY+BC+3A=5A+5Y$, and then $BY-5Y=2A-BC$ and then $Y(B-5)=2A-BC$. here I subtitute $B-5=M$ and $2A-BC=N$ and I know what I have to do next, but how do I find…
dgfddf
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