Questions tagged [matrices]

For any topic related to matrices. This includes: systems of linear equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors (diagonalization, triangularization), determinant, trace, characteristic polynomial, adjugate and adjoint, transpose, Jordan normal form, matrix algorithms (e.g. LU, Gauss elimination, SVD, QR), invariant factors, quadratic forms, etc. For questions specifically concerning matrix equations, use the (matrix-equations) tag.

A matrix is a rectangular array of elements, usually numbers or variables, arranged in rows and columns. A matrix with $m$ rows and $n$ columns has $m \times n$ elements and is called an $m$ by $n$ matrix. Matrices are a part of .

Matrices can be added and subtracted. Furthermore, if they have compatible shapes, they can be multiplied. More precisely, given two matrices $A$ and $B$, the matrix $AB$ is defined when the number of columns of $A$ is equal to the number of rows of $B$. In particular, given a natural number $n$, any two matrices $A$ and $B$ with $n$ columns and $n$ rows can be multiplied in both ways (that is, both $AB$ and $BA$ exist).


For questions specifically concerning matrix equations, use the tag.

55954 questions
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Matrix to the power of a matrix

If A=$ \begin{bmatrix} a & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & a & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & a \\ \end{bmatrix}$ and B=$ \begin{bmatrix} b & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & b & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & b \\ \end{bmatrix}$ then what is $A^B$ I know what A+B is and I know what A*B is.…
R. Emery
  • 599
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Matrix inverse quesiton

It's known that set of invertible matrices is dense in $M_n(\mathbb{F})$ and that the function taking an invertible matrix to its inverse is continuous. Given this, shouldn't we be able to define an inverse for any matrix by $A$ by taking $A_n\to A$…
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Relation between singular values of matrices and their products

Is there any explicit relation between the singular values $\lambda_X$ and $\lambda_Y$ of two same size matrices $X$ and $Y$, respectively, and the singular values $\lambda_{XY^t}$ of the matrix $XY^t$? Otherwise said, is there a function $f$ such…
Riadh
  • 51
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Diagonalisation of Square Matrices

When does a matrix ${\bf A}$ have a similar diagonal matrix and when does it not? I have a matrix ${\bf A}$: \begin{pmatrix} 4 & 1\\ 3 & 2 \end{pmatrix} and I am trying to find a matrix ${\bf P}$ such that ${\bf A = P^{-1}\Lambda P}$ where ${\bf…
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When are two matrices A and B: AB = BA?

Matrix multiplication is not commutative. If however $$ AB = BA $$for the matrices A and B with $$A, B \in M_{nn}(\mathbb{K})$$ Can I conclude that A has to be of the form $$A = B^{Ad} = det(B)B^{-1}$$? Or when is $$ AB = BA $$
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Frobenius norm of $(U+U^T)-U^TU$

Let $U\in\mathbb{R}^{d\times d}$ an upper triangular real matrix. Let $$S = R+R^T - R^TR,$$ which is obviously symmetric. I'm interesting in getting an estimate of $\|S\|_F$, the Frobenius norm of $S$. Of course triangular inequality…
user70925
  • 466
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An inequality for the trace of a matrix

Let $A$ be a square matrix. Are there any simple conditions under which $$\operatorname{Tr}(A^T A) \geq \operatorname{Tr}(A)^2 $$ or vice versa? I do know the following: if $A$ is diagonalizable with eigenvalues $\lambda_j \geq 0$, then…
user15464
  • 11,682
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Proving (non-)invertibility of (nearly) tri-diagonal matrix?

When discussing a transformation for cryptographic keys over on Crypto.SE I noticed that the transformation could be described using a matrix, so I wrote it up and ran some basic online-tools against it to confirm whether the function is a bijection…
SEJPM
  • 424
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Cosine of a matrix

I came across this question, asked in a competitive exam. It is as follows. Given a matrix M = \begin{bmatrix}2&1\\1&2\end{bmatrix} what is the value of cos(πM/6)? I've tried series expansion but I think there is an alternative way doing it, any…
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If $A\in M_3\left(\mathbb C\right)$ is an invertible matrix such that $2A^2=4A+A^3$

If $A\in M_3\left(\mathbb C\right)$ is an invertible matrix such that $$2A^2=4A+A^3$$ Then which of the following is(are)correct: (A) $\det (A)=8;$ (B) $det\left(adj\left(\frac A2\right)\right)=1;$ (C) $tr\left(A-2I_3\right)^3=24;$ (D)…
Makar
  • 2,267
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Rotation and fixed points

I have a rotation of the form: $$(z(s),w(s))=B(s)(u(s),v(s))$$ where $z(s),w(s),u(s),v(s)$ are in $\mathbb{R}$ and $s$ is a complex number and $B(s)$ is a $2\times 2$ matrix defined by $$ B(s) = \begin{bmatrix} \cos(\theta(s)) & -\sin(\theta(s))…
Safwane
  • 3,840
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Representation of elementary matrix in numerical computation

Let $u = [u_1, u_2,..., u_n]$ and $v = [v_1, v_2, ..., v_n]$. Then $uv^T$ is a rank-1 matrix. Then the definition of elementary matrix says: Elementary matrices are rank-1 changes to the identity matrix: $I + uv^T$. (and hence we only have to store…
Ted
  • 365
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Modeling triangular networks using matrices?

The matrix is a rectangular construct and therefore intuitively suited for modeling things arranged rectangularly. However, for other than rectangular shapes. E.g. triangular networks. How to use the matrix?
mavavilj
  • 7,270
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Understanding how adding Matrices works

This is a part of a larger problem that I know the answer to but I was wondering if someone could explain or maybe give me a visual representation of how adding matrices works. So I know that $e_1 = \begin{bmatrix}1 \\ 0 \\ \end{bmatrix}$ I also…
Liath
  • 133
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Question on matrices theory

If we have a square matrix A, can we define its extended matrix? ( the one with one more column of given free variables ).
Anonymus
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