Questions tagged [matrices]

For any topic related to matrices. This includes: systems of linear equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors (diagonalization, triangularization), determinant, trace, characteristic polynomial, adjugate and adjoint, transpose, Jordan normal form, matrix algorithms (e.g. LU, Gauss elimination, SVD, QR), invariant factors, quadratic forms, etc. For questions specifically concerning matrix equations, use the (matrix-equations) tag.

A matrix is a rectangular array of elements, usually numbers or variables, arranged in rows and columns. A matrix with $m$ rows and $n$ columns has $m \times n$ elements and is called an $m$ by $n$ matrix. Matrices are a part of .

Matrices can be added and subtracted. Furthermore, if they have compatible shapes, they can be multiplied. More precisely, given two matrices $A$ and $B$, the matrix $AB$ is defined when the number of columns of $A$ is equal to the number of rows of $B$. In particular, given a natural number $n$, any two matrices $A$ and $B$ with $n$ columns and $n$ rows can be multiplied in both ways (that is, both $AB$ and $BA$ exist).


For questions specifically concerning matrix equations, use the tag.

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Sum of matrix elements stay the same after inversion

I found something interesting but I'm not sure how to proof it. Suppose we have a square Matrix $M$ which is invertible and each column sums up to $1$ with only positive elements. Then the sum of all elements of the inversion $M^{-1}$ will be the…
Selos
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Gaussian-Jordan Elimination question?

I have the linear system $$ \begin{align*} 2x-y-z+v&=0 \\ x-2y-z+5u-v&=1 \\ 2x-z+v&=1 \end{align*}$$ Very well. I form the matrix $$ \left[ \begin{array}{@{}ccccc|c@{}} 2&-1&-1 & 0 & 1 &0 \\ 1&-2&-1 & 5 & -1 &1 \\ 2&0&-1 & 0&1&1…
dgfddf
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The positivity of matrix with one parameter changing

Set $$D=\begin{bmatrix}0\\d_{1}&0\\d_{2}&d_{1}&0\\\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\ddots\\d_{n}&d_{n-1}&\cdots&d_{1}&0\end{bmatrix}$$ and $$W(\alpha)=(I-\alpha D)^{-1}-\frac{1}{2}I$$ $$\Sigma(\alpha)=W(\alpha)+W^{*}(\alpha)$$ where $\alpha$ is a real number in…
Yufang Cui
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An matrix inequality: true or false

My purpose with this post is to know if the following inequality is true or false: $$||S_n^{-1} x_1 x_1^T a_1 + ... + S_n^{-1} x_n x_n^T a_n|| \le x_1^T S_n^{-1} x_1 ||a_1|| + ... + x_n^T S_n^{-1} x_n ||a_n||$$ where $x_1,...x_n,a_1,...,a_n$ are…
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How to go by this, to solve for X

$$\begin{bmatrix}3 & -2\\-1 & -3\end{bmatrix}X + \begin{bmatrix}1 & 5\\0 & 7\end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}-5 & 8\\-1 & 3\end{bmatrix}X$$ Not sure how I am supposed to go at this ? Do I move the + to the other side first ? Can someone let me know…
Reza M.
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Matrix Algebra - True or False?

I have 5 T-F statements right here about symmetric matrices, and to the right are my attempts. I have a feeling some of them are wrong, though. (a) Symmetric matrices must be square. (T) There can be a rectangular matrix which is symmetrical. (b) A…
bryan.blackbee
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Calculating the null space of a $n^{\text{th}}$ power of a $2\times 2$ matrix with an unkown variable.

$$ \left(\begin{matrix} 0 & 1 \\ x & 1 \\ \end{matrix}\right) $$ Suppose I have a matrix above to the power of n, is it possible to use eigendecomposition in order to find all the eigenvectors in terms of x?
king jigg
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Detecting unitary $U$ if $U^* AU$ is given

Let $\phi: M_n (\mathbb C) \rightarrow M_n (\mathbb C)$ be a given map of which we know that it is of the form $A \mapsto U^* AU$ where $U \in M_n (\mathbb C)$ is a unitary. I guess the unitary $U$ will be unique up to multiplication with elements…
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Functions Applied to Square Matrices

You can always multiply two square matrices of the same size. If we multiplied a matrix by itself, that would be $M^2$. We could keep on multiplying it by itself to get arbitrarily large exponents. If you can raise matrices to powers, and…
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What does $\mathcal{S}_{++}$ mean?

Context: A multivariate normal distribution has mean $\mu\in \mathbb{R}^p$ and covariance matrix $\Sigma\in \mathcal{S}_{++}^p$. Maybe the $S$ is from 'symmetric' or 'singular', and I know that subscript + means that we only look at the positive…
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Inverse matrix inequality

I'm trying to prove that $\left \| A^{-1} \right \|\geq 1/\epsilon$ iff $0\in\sigma_{\epsilon}(A)=\left\{ \lambda:\lambda\in \sigma(A+E),\left \| E \right \|\leq \epsilon\right\}$ with $A\in\mathbb{C}^{n\times n}$. I proved $\Rightarrow$ direction…
Jonathan1234
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calculate with matrix

Hello guys can someone help me with that please ? And thanks for that $A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}, \tag 1$ and we have $B = A − I. \tag 2$ Calculate $B^n$ for $n ∈ N$ and deduct from that the expression…
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Given $A=\left[\begin{smallmatrix}\cos\theta&\sin \theta\\-\sin\theta&\cos\theta\end{smallmatrix}\right]$, find $\lim_{n \to \infty}\frac {A^n}{n} $

$A^n =\left[\begin{matrix} \cos n\theta & \sin n\theta\\-\sin n\theta & \cos n\theta \end{matrix}\right] $ Now $\theta \in \mathbb{R}$ This means $$\lim_{n \to \infty}\dfrac {A^n}{n} = \lim_{n \to \infty}\left[\begin{matrix} \dfrac{\cos…
Saradamani
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Bases for nullity and rank of matrices

I need to know if my work is right. T$\begin{bmatrix}a11 & a12 & a13\\a21 & a22 & a23\\a31 & a32 & a33\end{bmatrix}$=$\begin{bmatrix}a11+a12+a13 & a21+a22+a23\\ a31+a32+a33 & 0\end{bmatrix}$ Question: Find bases for the nullity and…
Essie
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If $A, B$ are both $n×n$ column-stochastic matrices, then for any $w∈[0, 1], \ (1 − w)A + wB$ is also column-stochastic?

If $A, B$ are both $n×n$ column-stochastic matrices, then for any $w∈[0, 1], \ (1 − w)A + wB$ is also column-stochastic? The solution seems trivial; each column must sum to one, and $1 \cdot w$ + $1 \cdot (1-w)$ = $1$ I'm certain that I'm missing…