Questions tagged [decimal-expansion]

For questions about decimal expansion, both practical and theoretical.

A number can be represented in many different ways, but the most common is via its decimal expansion. Such a representation takes the form

$$a_na_{n-1}\dots a_1a_0.a_{-1}a_{-2}\dots$$

where $a_n \in \{1, 2, \dots, 9\}$ and $a_i \in \{0, 1, 2, \dots, 9\}$ for $i = n - 1, n - 2, \dots, 1, 0, -1, -2, \dots$. In the case that there is $N > 0$ such that $a_i = 0$ for all $i < -N$, these numbers are supressed in which case the decimal expansion usually appears as

$$a_na_{n-1}\dots a_1a_0.a_{-1}a_{-2}\dots a_{-N}.$$

Note that concatenation does not represent multiplication, it is just a part of the notation. The . between $a_0$ and $a_{-1}$ does not represent multiplication either; it is sometimes called the decimal point.

To put the notation on a rigorous footing, the expression $a_na_{n-1}\dots a_1a_0.a_{-1}a_{-2}\dots$ is shorthand for

$$\sum_{i = 0}^na_i10^i + \sum_{i=1}^{\infty}a_{-i}\frac{1}{10^i} = \sum_{i = -\infty}^na_i10^i$$

which can be shown to be convergent irrespective of the choice of $a_i$.

1243 questions
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How many digits does $2^{25964951}-1$ have?

Mersenne prime numbers are prime numbers of the form $2^n - 1 \,(\mathbb{N}\ni n>1)$such as $2^2 -1$ or $2^{25964951}-1$: How many digits does the latter have? I found this here: $$\log_{10}(2^{25964951}-1)+1 = 7 816 230$$ Is this the way how to…
Vek
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Are there numbers normal to one base but not to another?

Recall the definition of a normal number: a number $a$ is called normal to base $b$ if in its expansion in base $b$, the number of appearances of every single single string of $k$ base-$b$ digits in its first $n$ digits divided by $n$ tends to…
Mees de Vries
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Finding number of digits of decimal number

I'm looking for a way to calculate the number of digits in a decimal number, such as $600.045$. I'm aware of the $1+\mathrm{int}(\log(x))$ formula for finding number of digits of an integer, but this doesn't work for non-whole numbers. Can anyone…
Sierra
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Compute and find 2009th decimal(2009th digit after the point), without automation, the following sum

Compute and find 2009th decimal of (2009th digit after the point), without automation, the following sum $$\frac{10}{11}+\frac{10^2}{1221}+\frac{10^3}{123321}+ \cdots +\frac{10^9}{123456789987654321}$$
shooting-squirrel
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Fractions and long division.

$\frac{1}{9}=0.111\dots$ $9\times \frac{1}{9} = 0.999\dots$ $1=0.999\dots$ What is the problem here? Thanks for any help.
bor
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Is $0.9999...$ an integer?

Just out of curiosity, since $$\sum_{i>0}\frac{9\times10^{i-1}}{10^i}, \quad\text{ or }\quad 0.999\ldots=1,$$ Does that mean $0.999\ldots=1$, or in other words, that $0.999\ldots$ is an integer, by applying the transitive property? Ty.
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Calculating the length of a decimal expansion in constant time

Is there a way to calculate the length of a decimal expansion as a result of a division operation in constant time? $\frac{1}{256} = 0.00390625$ therefore the expansion length is $8$. $\frac{1}{357} =…
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Is there an increasing arithmetic sequence the digit sum of its terms forms again an increasing arithmetic sequence?

Is there an increasing arithmetic sequence with $10000$ terms such that the digit sum of its terms forms again an increasing arithmetic sequence? This problem is from the (Problems from the book) exercise ,It says here that the problem is the…
math110
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sum of the digits of an integer

Assume that a positive integer $n$ can be written in decimal notation as $${n_k}\cdots {n_1}{n_0} = {n_k}10^{k} + \cdots + {n_1}10 +{n_0},$$ and define $${\sigma}(n)={{\sum}^{k}_{j=0}}{n_j}.$$ If ${\sigma}(n)\equiv {0}({\rm mod} 10)$ I am trying to…
student
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How is it truly determined the digits after the decimal don’t EVER repeat? (Is irrational.) Theoretically, the first million digits could repeat.

I was observing a high school algebra class and they were discussing irrational versus rational numbers. Irrational go on forever (the digits after the decimal) and don’t ever repeat. Rational repeats. Such as $1.000000...$ or $3.333333...$ or…
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Sum of the digits of powers of a number

Let $t$ be a positive integers. Find all $t$ such that there exists distinct positive integers $k,n < 12$ such that the sum of the digits $t^k$ is the same as $t^n.$ I don't have any idea how to find all such integers... however, I found the…
user797346
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Are there any more numbers that are the sum of ascending powers of their digits?

Are there infinitely many numbers $abc...z$ with $d$ digits such that $a^k + b^{k+1} + c^{k+2} + \dots + z^{k+d-1} = abc...z$ for a positive integer k? For k=1 the largest is $12157692622039623539$, and there are 10 non-trivial solutions. For k=2…
Allam A.
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Lower bound for the length period of the decimal expression

We know (Period of the decimal expression for the rational number $\frac{1}{n}$ is at most $n-1$) that for an integer $n\geq 2$, the period length of the decimal expression for the rational number $\frac{1}{n}$ is at most $n-1$. I am asking if…
Safwane
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Why aren't repeating decimals irrational but something like $\pi$ is?

We use closest representations for both of them, but they are not completely true. $\frac{22}7$ and $3.14$ are not exactly $\pi$ but we use them as the best option available. $\frac13$ is $0.\bar3$ but that can be $0.333$ or $0.333333$ and these…
Harveen Bhatia
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Divisors and Decimals

For positive integers $n$, let $f(n)$ return the smallest positive integer $k$ such that $\frac1k$ has exactly $n$ digits after the decimal point. How many positive integer divisors does $f(2010)$ have? I understand what the question is asking…